Where Did Paint Get Its Colours Before Modern Chemistry?

A hundred thousand years ago, someone in a cave made paint - not a colour found, but a colour prepared. — Chapters 0:00 Blombos, About 100,000 Years Ago 1:43 Color Is Not Yet Paint — and the First Palette Was Underfoot 3:28 Grinding Changes Color — Washing the Earth 5:04 Black From Fire — White Was a Surface Problem 6:48 Red and Yellow — Earth or Poison 8:16 Green From Stone and Corrosion — and Why Paint Keeps Changing 9:54 Blue Was a Difficult Treasure — and Egyptian Blue Was Made 11:27 Purple From an Animal, Red From Insects — and Color That Cost More Than the Painting 13:43 Blue From Leaves — Turning Dye Into Pigment 15:14 The Binder Decides What Color Does — and Color Also Comes From Light 16:54 Workshops Were Knowledge Systems — and Recipes Could Be Secret or Misleading 18:16 Color Was Dangerous — and "Synthetic" Does Not Automatically Mean Safe 19:48 The Synthetic Expansion — Before Theory, There Was Control 21:21 The Answer — Found, Made, and Bound 22:38 After the Answer — The Missing Colors, and Not Repainting the Past 23:54 Final Reframe — Every Color Has a Place — A new episode every week. This channel takes one ordinary thing and follows it until it stops being ordinary. If you spotted an error, say so in the comments. Corrections get pinned. — Credits Footage: Museo Egizio, Turin (CC0) · Géry Parent (Public Domain) Malachite, Katanga (cropped): Tony Hisgett, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/) · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Malachite_Katanga_ROM.jpg Lapis lazuli, Sar-e-Sang, Afghanistan (cropped): James St. John, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/) · https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lapis_lazuli_(lazuritic_gneiss)_(Sar-e-Sang_Deposit,_Sakhi_Formation,_Precambrian,_2.4-2.7_Ga_(%3F);_Sar-e-Sang_Mining_District,_Hindu-Kush_Mountains,_Afghanistan)_2_(47087519601).jpg Indigo, Guizhou (cropped): gitane, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY